{"id":30145,"date":"2026-02-26T14:06:54","date_gmt":"2026-02-26T11:06:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/elw3yalarabi.com\/elw3y\/?p=30145"},"modified":"2026-02-26T14:11:39","modified_gmt":"2026-02-26T11:11:39","slug":"j%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%87%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elw3yalarabi.com\/elw3y\/2026\/02\/j%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%87%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 1960\/61\u20131964\/65"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml\">https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 1960\/61\u20131964\/65<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0633. \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0633<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar?&amp;q=Andreas+S.+Gerakis\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/search?f_0=author&amp;q_0=Andreas+S.+Gerakis\"><\/a><br><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar?&amp;q=Andreas+S.+Gerakis\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:&nbsp;1 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1967\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f (eISBN):&nbsp;9781451969139\u0644\u063a\u0629:&nbsp;\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/search?q=%22Income%22\">\u062f\u062e\u0644<\/a>;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/search?q=%22Cost+of+living%22\">\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629<\/a>;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/search?q=%22Western+Europe%22\">\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a>;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/search?q=%22Egyptian+pound%22\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/downloadpdf\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.pdf\">\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0641 PDF (1.3 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#container-111031-item-111053\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#container-111031-item-111052\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1960 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1965\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0630\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. 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\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1961 \u06481962\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u064f\u0641\u0630\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03lev1sec1\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u061b \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03lev1sec2\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u061b \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03lev1sec3\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"d87211595e564\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 (&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab01\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1<\/a>&nbsp;)\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 37% \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 6.5% (&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab02\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2<\/a>&nbsp;). \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 40% (&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab03\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 3 ). \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 4.8%. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1955\/56 \u06481959\/60\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1960\/61 \u06481964\/65\u060c \u0645\u0646 2.5% \u0625\u0644\u0649&nbsp;<\/a><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03fn01\">3.6<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;% \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 2.3% \u0625\u0644\u0649 2.8%.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03fn01\"><\/a><\/sup>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629&nbsp;:&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c&nbsp;\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642&nbsp;\u060c&nbsp;1954&nbsp;\/&nbsp;55-1964&nbsp;\/&nbsp;<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab01fn01\">65<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab01fn01\"><\/a><\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(\u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/images\/inline-9781451969139_t0457-01.jpg\" alt=\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631: \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c&nbsp;<em>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/em>&nbsp;\u061b \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u062c\u0633 \u0623. \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642\u060c&nbsp;<em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (\u0645\u0635\u0631)<\/em>&nbsp;(\u0623\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c 1965).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>1<\/sup>\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>2<\/sup>\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 4) \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1954\/1955.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>3<\/sup>\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 4) \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1959\/60.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>4<\/sup>\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u064f\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1954\/1955 \u06481959\/1960\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>5<\/sup>\u0623\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>6<\/sup>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628.\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629&nbsp;:&nbsp;\u0646\u0645\u0648&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c&nbsp;\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642&nbsp;\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646&nbsp;\u060c 1955&nbsp;\/&nbsp;56-1959&nbsp;\/&nbsp;60&nbsp;\u0648 1960&nbsp;\/&nbsp;61-1964\/&nbsp;65<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/images\/inline-9781451969139_t0458-01.jpg\" alt=\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab01\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1<\/a>&nbsp;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>1<\/sup>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>2<\/sup>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646.\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629&nbsp;:&nbsp;\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646&nbsp;\u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a&nbsp;\u060c&nbsp;1954&nbsp;\/&nbsp;55-1964&nbsp;\/&nbsp;<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab03fn09\">65<\/a><\/sup>\u200b\u200b\u200b<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab03fn09\"><\/a><\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/images\/inline-9781451969139_t0459-01.jpg\" alt=\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631: \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u062c\u0633 \u0623. \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642\u060c&nbsp;<em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (\u0645\u0635\u0631)<\/em>&nbsp;(\u0623\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c 1965).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>1<\/sup>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1959\/1960 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>2<\/sup>\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>3<\/sup>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 6 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1959\/1960 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 7.3 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1964\/1965\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a 7 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064f\u0642\u0646\u0651\u0639\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0647\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1965. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0624\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639. \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627\u064b&nbsp;<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03fn05\">\u060c<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 200 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964\/1965\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 46 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 37% \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1959\/1960 \u06481964\/1965\u061b \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0643\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 70.6% \u0625\u0644\u0649 64.9%\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 1.7%. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0628\u062d \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.&nbsp;<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03fn06\">6<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 40% \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1959\/1960 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964\/1965\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.&nbsp;<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03fn07\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1959\/1960 \u06481964\/1965 (&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab04\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 4<\/a>&nbsp;). \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 300 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 132%\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 69%. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0639\u0628 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f) \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629&nbsp;<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03fn08\">73<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;%\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 64%\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 37% \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 49%.\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629&nbsp;:&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646&nbsp;\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629&nbsp;\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a&nbsp;\u060c&nbsp;1954&nbsp;\u060c&nbsp;1959\u060c 1959\/60&nbsp;\u060c&nbsp;\u0648&nbsp;1964&nbsp;\/&nbsp;65<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/images\/inline-9781451969139_t0463-01.jpg\" alt=\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631: \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c&nbsp;<em>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/em>&nbsp;\u061b \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0646\u060c&nbsp;<em>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0635\u0631)\u060c 1937-1939 \u06481945-1962\/1963<\/em>&nbsp;\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1963).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>1<\/sup>\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>2<\/sup>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>3<\/sup>\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1954\/1955 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>4<\/sup>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1959\/1960.\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627\u060c \u062e\u064f\u0641\u0650\u0651\u0641\u064e \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab04\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 4<\/a>&nbsp;\u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1959\/1960. \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0635\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1959\/1960 \u06481964\/1965 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"d87211595e2237\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab01\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1<\/a>&nbsp;\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 9,014 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1960\/61-1964\/65\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c 8,286 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 728 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 310 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 43%\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648418 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 57%\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064d&nbsp;<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03fn09\">\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064d<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"d87211595e2251\">\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631&nbsp;P<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab05\">\u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 5<\/a>&nbsp;\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1959\/60 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1964\/65\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 10%\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 8%. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 7%. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629.\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629&nbsp;:&nbsp;\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631&nbsp;\u060c&nbsp;1960&nbsp;\/&nbsp;61-1964&nbsp;\/&nbsp;65&nbsp;\u0648\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631&nbsp;1966\u200b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(1959\/60 = 100)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/images\/inline-9781451969139_t0464-01.jpg\" alt=\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631: \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c&nbsp;<em>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/em>&nbsp;\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c&nbsp;<em>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/em>&nbsp;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 (1966)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 388 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>1<\/sup>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>2<\/sup>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1960\/61 \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1960.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>3<\/sup>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 1959\/60 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629.\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0643\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 (&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab06\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 6<\/a>&nbsp;\u0648&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab07\">7<\/a>&nbsp;). \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c&nbsp;<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03fn10\">\u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab07\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 7<\/a>&nbsp;\u0641\u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645&nbsp;<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03fn11\">\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 . \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 31% \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 19%\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 12%. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 47%\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 33%\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 1%.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab07\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629&nbsp;:&nbsp;\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637&nbsp;\u200b\u200b\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a&nbsp;\u060c&nbsp;1959&nbsp;\/&nbsp;60-1964&nbsp;\/&nbsp;65<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/images\/inline-9781451969139_t0465-01.jpg\" alt=\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631: \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c&nbsp;<em>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/em>&nbsp;\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>1<\/sup>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a. \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 14-15 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0645\u0629) \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>2<\/sup>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646 1 \u0648 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>3<\/sup>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 3 \u0648 4 \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab05\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 5<\/a>&nbsp;.\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629&nbsp;:&nbsp;\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c&nbsp;\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641&nbsp;\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c&nbsp;\u0644\u0643\u0644&nbsp;\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644&nbsp;\u060c&nbsp;1960&nbsp;\/&nbsp;61-1964&nbsp;\/&nbsp;65\u200b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(1959\/60 = 100)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/images\/inline-9781451969139_t0466-01.jpg\" alt=\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>1<\/sup>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>2<\/sup>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641.\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u064f\u0643\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0628\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0636 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u064e\u0651\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0641\u0650\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 &#8211; \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a &#8211; \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1960. \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c&nbsp;<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03fn12\">\u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0648\u0636\u064e\u0651\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab08\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 8<\/a>&nbsp;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0628\u064a\u0650\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0643\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0643\u0644. \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644. \u0641\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u064f\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c&nbsp;<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03fn13\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a &#8220;\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a&#8221; \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647.\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629&nbsp;:&nbsp;\u062f\u062e\u0644&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631&nbsp;\u060c&nbsp;\u0648\u062f\u062e\u0644&nbsp;\u063a\u064a\u0631&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631&nbsp;\u060c&nbsp;\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629&nbsp;\u060c&nbsp;1959&nbsp;\/&nbsp;60-1964&nbsp;\/&nbsp;65<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/images\/inline-9781451969139_t0467-01.jpg\" alt=\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>1<\/sup>\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 1\u060c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab06\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 6<\/a>&nbsp;).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>2<\/sup>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d) \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>3<\/sup>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u062d \u062c\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964\u060c \u0633\u0645\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629.&lt;sup&gt;&nbsp;<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03fn14\">14&lt;\/sup&gt;<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u064c \u0631\u064f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 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\/&nbsp;56-1964&nbsp;\/&nbsp;65<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/images\/inline-9781451969139_t0468-01.jpg\" alt=\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643.\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629&nbsp;:&nbsp;\u0646\u0633\u0628&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629&nbsp;\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c&nbsp;\u060c&nbsp;1955&nbsp;\/&nbsp;56-1964&nbsp;\/&nbsp;<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab10fn23\">65<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;1\u200b<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab10fn23\"><\/a><\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/images\/inline-9781451969139_t0469-01.jpg\" alt=\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631: \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u062c\u0633 \u0623. \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642\u060c&nbsp;<em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (\u0645\u0635\u0631)<\/em>&nbsp;(\u0623\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c 1965).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>1<\/sup>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a.\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0635\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629.&lt;sup&gt;&nbsp;<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03fn16\">16&lt;\/sup&gt;<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0625\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 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href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03fn17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 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\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 25% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1966\u061b \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f.\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 11.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629&nbsp;:&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629&nbsp;\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646&nbsp;\u060c&nbsp;1961&nbsp;\/&nbsp;62-1964&nbsp;\/&nbsp;<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab11fn24\">65<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;1\u200b<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab11fn24\"><\/a><\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(&nbsp;<em>In tallaris per kantar&nbsp;<\/em><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab11fn25\">2<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/images\/inline-9781451969139_t0471-01.jpg\" alt=\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>1<\/sup>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>2<\/sup>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 0.20 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 50 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 (110 \u0623\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0644).\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab09\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 9<\/a>&nbsp;).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0645\u064f\u062b\u0628\u0650\u0651\u0637\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 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\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b125 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1955\/1956-1959\/1960 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b<br><br>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b125 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1955\/1956-1959\/1960 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b299 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1960\/1961-1964\/1965\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 103 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1959\/1960 \u0625\u0644\u0649 312 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1964\/1965. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964\/1965\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 110 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a (&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab12\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 12<\/a>&nbsp;).&nbsp;<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03fn23\">23<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab13\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 13<\/a>&nbsp;\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1963. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0633\u064f\u062c\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1965 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a.\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 12.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629&nbsp;: \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a&nbsp;\u060c&nbsp;1955&nbsp;\/&nbsp;56-1964&nbsp;\/&nbsp;65<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(\u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/images\/inline-9781451969139_t0473-01.jpg\" alt=\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a.\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 13.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629&nbsp;:&nbsp;\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629&nbsp;\u060c&nbsp;1959-1965\u200b\u200b\u200b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/images\/inline-9781451969139_t0474-01.jpg\" alt=\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>1<\/sup>\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0641 1 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a = 2.87156 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1959-1961\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0641 1 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a = 2.30 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1963 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1962\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u061b \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1962\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a.\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d&#8221; (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649) \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b55 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1955\/1956-1959\/1960 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 81 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1964\/1965.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"d87211595e6716\">\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b31 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1955\/56-1959\/60 \u0625\u0644\u0649 262 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1960\/61-1964\/65\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f 371 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964\/65. \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 480 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.&lt;sup&gt;&nbsp;<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03fn24\">24<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 14 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1955\/56-1959\/60 \u0625\u0644\u0649 141 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1960\/61-1964\/65\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a 257 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964\/65. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 29 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 4.1% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1955\/1956-1959\/1960\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 94 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 12% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1960\/1961-1964\/1965. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964\/1965\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 200 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 22% \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 200 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 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\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#ref_A03fn01\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#RA03fn01\">1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#ref_A03fn02\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#RA03fn02\">2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 1.038 \u0641\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#ref_A03fn03\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#RA03fn03\">3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1960\/61-1964\/65 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#ref_A03fn04\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#RA03fn04\">4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 1513 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u06481470 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c 95.9 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u064883.2 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a 1577 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#ref_A03fn05\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#RA03fn05\">5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a&nbsp;<em>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/em>&nbsp;\u060c 25 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1966.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#ref_A03fn06\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#RA03fn06\">6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#ref_A03fn07\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#RA03fn07\">7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#ref_A03fn08\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#RA03fn08\">8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#ref_A03fn09\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#RA03fn09\">9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a 418 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab12\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 12<\/a>&nbsp;\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#ref_A03fn10\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#RA03fn10\">10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 1 \u0645\u0646&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab06\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 6<\/a>&nbsp;).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#ref_A03fn11\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#RA03fn11\">11<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#ref_A03fn12\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#RA03fn12\">12<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#ref_A03fn13\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#RA03fn13\">13<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#ref_A03fn14\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#RA03fn14\">14<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1963\/1964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#ref_A03fn15\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#RA03fn15\">15<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1965\/1966 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1966\/1967.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#ref_A03fn16\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#RA03fn16\">16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/images\/inline-9781451969139_t0469-02.jpg\" alt=\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u060c&nbsp;<em>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/em>&nbsp;(\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1960)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 88-90.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#ref_A03fn17\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#RA03fn17\">17<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c&nbsp;<em>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/em>&nbsp;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 (1966)\u060c \u0635 127.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#ref_A03fn18\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#RA03fn18\">18<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#ref_A03fn19\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#RA03fn19\">19<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a&nbsp;<em>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/em>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a 1948-1965.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#ref_A03fn20\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#RA03fn20\">20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u064f\u0636\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u064f\u0643\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 40% \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 35.8%\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 35.2%. (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c&nbsp;<em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/em>&nbsp;\u060c \u0635 84).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#ref_A03fn21\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#RA03fn21\">21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1955\/56\u20131959\/60 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1960\/61\u20131964\/65\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1959\/60 \u06481964\/65.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#ref_A03fn22\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#RA03fn22\">22<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#ref_A03fn23\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#RA03fn23\">23<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#A03tab12\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 12<\/a>&nbsp;\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 65.6 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 1959\/60 \u0648104.3 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 1964\/65\u061b \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 114.8 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a 1959\/60 \u0648143.1 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a 1964\/65.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#ref_A03fn24\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#RA03fn24\">24<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u064a 82 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a 1959\/60 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b121 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a 1960\/61\u20131964\/65.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#ref_A03fn25\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml#RA03fn25\">25<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 190 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1960.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"mailto:?subject=Link%20to%20United%20Arab%20Republic%3A%20A%20Survey%20of%20Developments%20During%20the%20Five-Year%20Plan%2C%201960%2F61%E2%80%931964%2F65&amp;body=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elibrary.imf.org%2Fview%2Fjournals%2F024%2F1967%2F003%2Farticle-A003-en.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/login\">\u064a\u062d\u0641\u0638<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/cite\/$002fjournals$002f024$002f1967$002f003$002farticle-A003-en.xml\/9781451969139\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/login\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/024\/1967\/003\/article-A003-en.xml \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 1960\/61\u20131964\/65 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641:&nbsp; \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0633. \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:&nbsp;1 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1967\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f (eISBN):&nbsp;9781451969139\u0644\u063a\u0629:&nbsp;\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629:&nbsp;\u0625\u0633 \u0628\u064a;&nbsp;\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629;&nbsp;\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f;&nbsp;\u0645\u0635\u0631;&nbsp;\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a;&nbsp;\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629;&nbsp;\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629;&nbsp;\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643;&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629;&nbsp;\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631;&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a;&nbsp;\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a;&nbsp;\u062f\u062e\u0644;&nbsp;\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629;&nbsp;\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629;&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0641 PDF (1.3 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a) \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 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